271. ‘Lucknow Pact’ was a deal between
Correct Answer:-B ( Hindus and Muslims regarding seat sharing in legislatures )
Description:- The Lucknow Pact was an agreement made by the Indian National Congress headed by Maratha leader Bal Gangadhar Tilak and the All-India Muslim League led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah which was adopted by the Congress at its Lucknow session on December 29 and by the league on December 31, 1916. The meeting at Lucknow marked the reunion of the moderate and radical wings of the Congress. The pact dealt both with the structure of the government of India and with the relation of the Hindu and Muslim communities.
272. The joint session of the Congress and Muslim League was held in 1916 at—
Correct Answer:-C ( Lucknow )
Description:- The joint session of the Indian National Congress headed by Maratha leader Bal Gangadhar Tilak and the All-India Muslim League led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah was held in Lucknow in 1916.
273. Who, among the following, founded the ‘All India Depressed Classes Federation’ in 1920?
Correct Answer:-D ( B.R. Ambedkar )
Description:- The Conference of the Depressed Classes at Nagpur on August 8, 1930 presided over by Dr. Ambedkar, passed the resolution to have separate electorates for the depressed classes. This conference formed All India Depressed Classes Federation.
274. The first Trading Centre which was established by the British was
Correct Answer:-B ( Surat )
Description:- The British East India Company opened their first trading center at Surat, Gujarat in 1612. This was as per the deed of right Mughal Emperor Jehangir granted to them. In 1640, they opened their second center in Madras (now Chennai). In 1687, they shifted their main trading center from Surat to Bombay, the city that they leased out from the British King in 1668.
275. When and which Governor-General decided to make English the medium of instruction in India?
Correct Answer:-C ( 1835-Lord William Bentick )
Description:- The English Education Act 1835 was a legislative Act of the Council of India in 1835 giving effect to a decision in 1835 by William Bentinck, the then Governor- General of British India to reallocate funds the East India Company was required by the British Parliament to spend on education and literature in India. Now, they were to support establishments teaching a Western curriculum with English as the language of instruction. Together with other measures promoting English as the language of administration and of the higher law courts (replacing Persian), this led eventually to English becoming one of the languages of India.
276. Who among the following, is acknowledged as the pioneer of Local Self-Government in India?
Correct Answer:-A ( Rippon )
Description:- The real benchmarking of the government policy on decentralization in India is attributed to Lord Ripon who, in his famous resolution on local self-government on May 18, 1882, recognized the twin considerations of local government: (i) administrative efficiency and (ii) political education. The Ripon Resolution, which focused on towns, provided for local bodies consisting of a large majority of elected non-official members and presided over by a non-official chairperson.
277. Who among the following is popularly known as ‘Periyar’?
Correct Answer:-C ( E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker )
Description:- E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker was a businessman, politician, Indian independence and social activist, who started the Self-Respect Movement or the Dravidian Movement and proposed the creation of an independent state called Dravida Nadu, comprising the states of South India. He was also the founder of the sociocultural organization, Dravidar Kazhagam. He was affectionately called by his followers as Periyar meaning ‘respected one’ or ‘elder’ in Tamil.
278. In which of the following places was the Ryotwari settlement introduced?
Correct Answer:-C ( Madras and Bombay )
Description:- The Ryotwari Settlement was a method introduced by the British to collect revenues which was introduced in parts of the Madras and Bombay presidencies between 1792 and 1827. Under it, a direct settlement was made between the Government and the ryot who was the cultivator of land.
279. Which among the following places, was not an important centre of the Revolt of 1857?
Correct Answer:-A ( Agra )
Description:- The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of sepoys of the East India Company’s army on 10 May 1857, in the town of Meerut, and soon escalated into other mutinies and civilian rebellions largely in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, with the major hostilities confined to present-day Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and the Delhi region. Some of the famous leaders of the revolt were: Kanpur: Nana Saheb; Jhansi: Rani Laxmi Bai; and Lucknow: Begum Hazrat Mahal.
280. Who, among the following, abolished the Dual System of Government in Bengal?
Correct Answer:-D ( Lord Warren Hastings )
Description:- Warren Hastings became the Governor of Bengal in 1772 and in 1774. He became the first Governor- General of Bengal. He put an end to the dual system of government in Bengal which was established by Robert Clive in 1765. The Company took over the responsibility of administration of the province and started to collect the revenue through the agency of its own servants.
281. Who among the following was famous for framing the education minute?
Correct Answer:-B ( Lord Macaulay )
Description:- Lord Macaulay introduced English education in India through his famous minute of February 1835. He called an educational system that would create a class of anglicised Indians who would serve as cultural intermediaries between the British and the Indians. Macaulay succeeded in implementing ideas previously put forward by Lord William Bentinck, the governor general since 1829.
282. Who, among the following, has been known as the ‘Frontier Gandhi’?
Correct Answer:-A ( Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan )
Description:- Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was a Pashtun political and spiritual leader of British India known for his non-violent opposition to British Rule in what is now Pakistan and India. A lifelong pacifist, and a close friend of Mohandas Gandhi, he was also known as Fakhr-e-Afghan (‘The Afghan pride’), Badshah Khan (also Bacha Khan) and Sarhaddi Gandhi (‘Frontier Gandhi’).
283. The Ryotwari System of Land Tenure refers to a situation where—
Correct Answer:-A ( the Ryot is the owner of the land held by him/her and directly pays the revenue assessed on the land to the State )
Description:- Under the Ryotwari system of land revenue settlement, every registered landowner were called proprietor. These proprietors were responsible for the direct payment of the land revenue to the state. The Proprietor had the right to sub let his land holdings, or to transfer, mortgage or to sell it.
284. Swami Dayanand Saraswati established the first Arya Samaj in 1875 at
Correct Answer:-A ( Bombay )
Description:- Arya Samaj is a Hindu reform movement founded by Swami Dayananda in Bombay on 7 April, 1875. The membership amounted to 100 persons, including Swami Dayanand. On the 24th of June, 1877, the second major Arya Samaj was established at Lahore.
285. Who, among the following, was the pioneer of social reform movements in 19th century India?
Correct Answer:-B ( Raja Ram Mohan Roy )
Description:- Ram Mohan Roy was an Indian religious, social, and educational reformer who challenged traditional Hindu culture and indicated the lines of progress for Indian society under British rule. He is also called the ‘Maker of Modern India’and’Father of Modern India’. He, along with Dwarkanath Tagore and other Bengalis, founded the Brahmo Sabha in 1828, which engendered the Brahmo Samaj.
286. Who started the Home Rule Movement?
Correct Answer:-A ( Annie Beasant )
Description:- The All India Home Rule League was a national political organization founded in 1916 to lead the national demand for self-government, termed Home Rule, and to obtain the status of a Dominion within the British Empire as enjoyed by Australia, Canada, South Africa, New Zealand and Newfoundland at the time. When World War I broke out in 1914 Annie Besant helped launch the Home Rule League to campaign for democracy in India and dominion status within the Empire. This led to her election as president of the India National Congress in late 1917.
287. When was the Gandhi Irwin Pact made?
Correct Answer:-B ( 1931)
Description:- The Gandhi–Irwin Pact was a political agreement signed by Mahatma Gandhi and the then Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin on 5 March, 1931 before the second Round Table Conference in London. Before this, the viceroy Lord Irwin announced in October 1929, a vague offer of ‘dominion status’ for India in an unspecified future and a Round Table Conference to discuss a future constitution.
288. What was not true about Sir Syed Ahmad Khan?
Correct Answer:-B ( He was a leader of the Muslim League )
Description:- Sir Syed Ahmed Khan founded the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875 with the aim of promoting social and economic development of Indian Muslims. He denounced nationalist organizations such as the Indian National Congress, instead forming organizations to promote Muslim unity and pro-British attitudes and activities. Ahmad Khan helped form the All-India Muslim League (AIML). His educational proposals and political activism inspired Muslim elites to support the AIML. Ahmad Khan originally founded the All India Muhammadan Educational Conference in 1886 in order to uplift Western education, especially science and literature, among India’s Muslims. The conference is known as the Aligarh Movement.
289. ‘Neel Darpan’ a play depicting the revolt against the indigo planters was written by
Correct Answer:-A ( Dinbandhu Mitra )
Description:- Nil Darpan is a Bengali play written by Dinabandhu Mitra in 1858–1859. The play was essential to Nilbidraha, or Indigo revolt of February–March 1859 in Bengal, when farmers refused to sow indigo in their fields as a protest against exploitative farming under the British Raj. It was also essential to the development of theater in Bengal and influenced Girish Chandra Ghosh, who, in 1872, would establish The National Theatre in Calcutta (Kolkata) where the first ever play commercially staged was Nildarpan.
290. Champaran Satyagraha was related to
Correct Answer:-A ( Indigo )
Description:- The first Satyagraha revolutions inspired by Mahatma Gandhi in the Indian Independence Movement occurred in Champaran district of Bihar and the Kheda district of Gujarat on 1916 & 1917 respectively. Champaran Satyagraha was the first to be started but the word Satyagraha was used for the first time in Anti Rowlatt agitation. The peasants in Champaran revolted against indigo plant cultivation in 1914 (at Pipra) and 1916 (Turkaulia). Raj Kumar Shukla took Mahatma Gandhi to Champaran and the Champaran Satyagraha began.
291. Who among the following implemented the Doctrine of Lapse?
Correct Answer:-B ( Lord Dalhousie )
Description:- The Doctrine of Lapse was an annexation policy purportedly devised by Lord Dalhousie who was the Governor General for the East India Company in India between 1848 and 1856. According to the Doctrine, any princely state or territory under the direct influence (paramountcy) of the British East India Company (the dominant imperial power in the subcontinent), as a vassal state under the British Subsidiary System, would automatically be annexed if the ruler was either ‘manifestly incompetent or died without a direct heir.’
292. The first newspaper which was published in India was
Correct Answer:-D ( The Bengal Gazette )
Description:- Hicky’s Bengal Gazette was an English newspaper published from Kolkata (then Calcutta), India. It was the first major newspaper in India, started in 1780. It was published for two years.
293. The Portuguese built their first fort on Indian soil in the territory of the Raja of
Correct Answer:-B ( Cochin )
Description:- Afonso de Albuquerque was an exceedingly energetic commander of Portuguese India, who established a Portuguese fort at Cochin in 1503 on his initial voyage. It was a timber fortress, the first fortress erected by the Portuguese in India. In 1505 a stone fortress replaced the wooden fortress of Cochin.
294. The partition of Bengal was revoked by the British in
Correct Answer:-A ( 1911)
Description:- The decision to effect the Partition of Bengal was announced in July 1905 by the Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon. The partition took effect in October 1905 and separated the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas. Bengal was reunited in 1911.
295. Who among the following, analysed the causes of the uprising of 1857 advocating a reconciliation between the British and the Muslims?
Correct Answer:-C ( Syed Ahmed Khan )
Description:- During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan remained loyal to the British and was noted for his actions in saving European lives. After the rebellion, he penned the booklet Asbab-e-Baghawate- Hind (The Causes of the Indian Mutiny) – a daring critique, at the time, of British policies that he blamed for causing the revolt. His other writings such as Loyal Muhammadans of India, Tabyin-ul-Kalam and A Series of Essays on the Life of Muhammad and Subjects Subsidiary Therein helped to create cordial relations between the British authorities and the Muslim community.
296. Who created the Madras Presidency as it existed till Indian Independence?
Correct Answer:-A ( Sir Thomas Munro )
Description:- In 1639 AD, the English East India Company purchased the village of Madraspatnam and one year later it established the Agency of Fort St George, precursor of the Madras Presidency, although there had been Company factories at Machilipatnam and Armagon since the very early 17th century. The Madras Presidency, officially the Presidency of Fort St. George, was the work of several statesmen including Sir Thomas Munro who introduced the ‘Ryotwari System’ there. In 1820, he was appointed governor of Madras, where he founded systems of revenue assessment and general administration which substantially persisted into the twentieth century. He also brought several reforms in the education sector of the presidency.
297. The theory of ‘economic drain’ was propounded by
Correct Answer:-C ( Dadabhai Naoroji )
Description:- The acknowledged high priest of the drain theory was Dadabhai Naoroji. It was in 1867 that Dadabhai Naoroji put forward the idea that Britain was draining India. From then on for nearly half a century he launched a raging campaign against the drain, hammering at the theme through every possible form of public communication.
298. Where was the first session of the Indian National Congress held?
Correct Answer:-C ( Bombay )
Description:- Founded in 1885 with the objective of obtaining a greater share in government for educated Indians, the first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay during December 28-December 31, 1885. The first meeting was scheduled to be held in Pune, but due to a plague outbreak there, the meeting was later shifted to Bombay. The first session of the INC was attended by 72 delegates.
299. Who was the first Muslim President of the Indian National Congress?
Correct Answer:-B ( Badruddin Tyabji )
Description:- Badruddin Tyabji was an Indian lawyer who served as the third President of the Indian National Congress at the Madras session in 1887. He was the first Muslim President of the Congress. He is considered to be one of the most moderate Muslims during the freedom movement of India.
300. Who led the armed raid on the government armoury at Chittagong in 1930?
Correct Answer:-C ( Surya Sen )
Description:- Surya Sen was an Indian freedom fighter who is noted for leading the 1930 Chittagong armoury raid in Chittagong of Bengal in British India on 18 April, 1930. Although the group could loot the arms, they failed to get the ammunition. They hoisted the national flag on the premises of the armoury, and then escaped.
