541. Who established the ‘Sharda Sadan’, a school for Indian Widows in colonial India ?
Correct Answer:-D ( Pandita Ramabai )
Description:- Pandita Ramabai, an Indian social reformer, established ‘Sharda Sadan’ at Bombay in 1889 with an objective to provide shelter to the ‘destitute high caste widows.’ She also established the Mukti Mission in Pune, as a refuge for young widows deserted and abused by their families and ‘Krupa Sadan,’ a home for ‘fallen’ women, who had been cast out of society.
542. Who is the founder of the concept ‘Sarvodaya’?
Correct Answer:-B ( Mahatma Gandhi )
Description:- Sarvodaya is a term meaning ‘Universal Uplift’ or ‘Progress of All’. The term was first coined by Mohandas Gandhi as the title of his 1908 translation of John Ruskin’s tract on political economy, ‘Unto This Last.’ Gandhi came to use the term for the ideal of his own political philosophy. Later Gandhian Vinoba Bhave, embraced the term as a name for the social movement in post-independence India which strove to ensure that self-determination and equality reached all strata of India society.
543. The battle of Plassey was fought between
Correct Answer:-A ( Sirajudduala and Robert Clive. )
Description:- The Battle of Plassey was fought between Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah, the last independent Nawab of Bengal, and the British East India Company under Robert Clive on 23 June 1757. It resulted in a decisive victory of the British East India Company over the Nawab and his French allies and the establishment of the Company rule in Bengal.
544. Who was the first Indian to become member of British Parliament?
Correct Answer:-C ( Dadabhai Naoroji )
Description:- Dadabhai Naoroji, also known as the Grand Oldman of India, was the first Indian and Asian to be a British Member of Parliament. He was a Liberal Party member of parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom House of Commons between 1892 and 1895.
545. The non–cooperation movement was called off due to
Correct Answer:-B ( Chauri Chaura Incident )
Description:- The non-cooperation movement was withdrawn because of the Chauri Chaura incident that occurred at Chauri Chaura in the Gorakhpur district of the United Province on 5 February 1922. The incident involved killing of 23 policemen as retaliation to police fire; a development that was against the philosophy of non-violence.
546. When was the railway system established in India?
Correct Answer:-C ( 1853)
Description:- The history of rail transport in India began in the mid-nineteenth century. The country’s first railway, built by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway (GIPR), opened in 1853, between Bombay and Thane. A British engineer, Robert Maitland Brereton, was responsible for the expansion of the railways from 1857 onwards.
547. Where did the Black-Hole tragedy took place ?
Correct Answer:-B ( Calcutta )
Description:- The Black Hole of Calcutta was a small dungeon in the old Fort William in Calcutta, India, where troops of the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, held British prisoners of war after the capture of the fort on 20 June 1756. It led to the death of 123 prisoners from suffocation, heat exhaustion and crushing. The incident became a cause célèbre in the idealization of British imperialism in India.
548. Which Brigadier was associated with Jallianwala Bagh tragedy?
Correct Answer:-A ( General Dyer )
Description:- The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on 13 April 1919 when a crowd of nonviolent protesters who had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab were fired upon by troops of the British Indian Army under the command of Colonel Reginald Dyer. Dyer was removed from duty, but he became a celebrated hero in Britain.
549. Who is popularly known as the Grand Old Man of India?
Correct Answer:-A ( Dadabhai Naoroji )
Description:- Dadabhai Naoroji, a Parsi intellectual, educator, cotton trader, and an early Indian political and social leader, is known as the Grand Old Man of India. He is credited with the founding of the Indian National Congress, along with A.O. Hume. His book ‘Poverty and Un-British Rule in India’ brought attention to the draining of India’s wealth into Britain.
550. Who was the founder of the Indian National Army?
Correct Answer:-B ( Subhash Chandra Bose )
Description:- The Indian National Army was first formed in 1942 under Mohan Singh, by Indian prisoners of war of the British-Indian Army captured by Japan in the Malayan campaign and at Singapore. However, it soon fell into decline. It was revived under the leadership of Subhas Chandra Bose after his arrival in Southeast Asia in 1943.
551. Who was referred to as the ‘Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity’ by Sarojini Naidu ?
Correct Answer:-A ( Muhammad Ali Jinnah )
Description:- Jinnah began his political career showing the most ferocious will to forge unity between Hindu and Muslim Indians. At the end of the first ten years of his career from 1906 to 1919, this attitude earned him the nickname ‘the ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity’ from Sarojini Naidu. Naidu, who compiled Jinnah’s speeches and writings in 1918 gave the volume the sub-title ‘An Ambassador of Unity’ and wrote that he stood ‘as an embodied symbol of Hindu-Muslim unity.’
552. ‘Do or Die’ is associated with which of the movements in India’s freedom struggle?
Correct Answer:-D ( Quit India Movement )
Description:- On 8 August 1942, Gandhi made a call to Do or Die in his Quit India speech delivered at the Gowalia Tank Maidanin Bombay. The Quit India Movement was a civil disobedience movement launched on 8 August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British Rule of India.
553. Who was responsible for the integration of princely states into the Indian Union after Independence ?
Correct Answer:-C ( Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel )
Description:- As the first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India, Sardar Vallabh bhai Patel led the task of forging a united India, successfully integrating into the newly independent nation those British colonial provinces that had been ‘allocated’ to India. Employing iron hand policy, Patel persuaded almost every princely state to accede to India. His commitment to national integration in the newly independent country earned him the sobriquet of ‘Iron Man of India.’
554. Who was the first Governor General of free India?
Correct Answer:-A ( Lord Mountbatten )
Description:- Lord Mountbatten was the last Viceroy of India (1947) and the first Governor-General of the independent Dominion of India (1947–48). C. Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India from 1948 to 1950. However, he was the first Indian Governor- General of India.
555. The Panchsheel agreement was between India and:
Correct Answer:-B ( China )
Description:- The Panchsheel (Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence) agreement was signed between China and India in 1954. It formed part the preamble to the ‘Agreement on trade and intercourse between Tibet Region of China and India’, which was signed in Peking on 29 April 1954. Panchsheel formed the basis of the Non-Aligned Movement, established in Belgrade, in 1961.
556. Who introduced Mansabdari system in India?
Correct Answer:-C ( Akbar )
Description:- The ‘Mansabdari system’ was the administrative system of the Mughal Empire introduced by Akbar in 1595-96 A.D. The word mansab is of Arabic origin meaning rank or position. The system, hence, determined the rank of a government official. The Mansabdari was prevalent during the reign of Babur and Humayun as well.
557. During the period of which Governor General/Viceroy was the Indian Civil Service introduced?
Correct Answer:-D ( Cornwallis )
Description:- Lord Cornwallis started the Civil Service in Indian to effectively administer British territories in India. He introduced strict regulations for the officials, raised their salaries and linked promotion to seniority. He is called the ‘Father of Indian Civil Service.’
558. The India Independence Bill was first presented in the House of Commons in London on:
Correct Answer:-D ( July 4,1947 )
Description:- The Indian Independence Bill was presented in the House of Commons at 12:00 am on 4th July 1947. It received the royal assent on 18 July 1947. Viceroy Lord Mountbatten personally piloted the Bill through every stage of the House of the Commons until it became a law.
559. Who established the Sadr-Diwani- Adalat during the British East India Company’s rule?
Correct Answer:-B ( Warren Hastings )
Description:- The Sadr Diwani Adalat was the Supreme Court of Revenue that was established at Calcutta by Warren Hastings in 1772. The court’s judges were the Governor General and Council Members of the East India Company, assisted by native judges and officers of revenue.
560. The quintessence of Gandhian thought is:
Correct Answer:-A ( Satyagraha )
Description:- According to Stanley E. Jones, Satyagraha is the totality or quintessence of Gandhian thoughts. Through it, Gandhi introduced a new spirit to the world—the philosophy of devotion to truth, remaining firm on the truth and resisting untruth actively but nonviolently. It is the greatest of all Gandhi’s contribution to the world.
561. In which pact, warm relations were established between ‘Garam dal’and ‘Naram dal’, the two groups of the Indian National Congress?
Correct Answer:-B ( Lucknow Pact )
Description:- The Lucknow Pact established cordial relations between the two prominent groups of the Indian National Congress – the ‘hot faction’ led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and the moderates or the ‘soft faction’, led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale.They had split during the Surat Session (1907) of the Congress.
562. In which year was the Morley Minto reform passed?
Correct Answer:-C ( 1909)
Description:- The Indian Councils Act 1909, commonly known as the Morley-Minto Reforms was passed by the British Parliament in 1909. It received royal assent on 25 May 1909. It aimed to widen the scope of legislative councils, placate the demands of moderates in Indian National Congress and to increase the participation of Indians the governance
563. Who was the founder of Kolkata’s first ‘Atmiya Sabha’ (philosophical discussion circle) held in 1815?
Correct Answer:-A ( Ram Mohan Roy )
Description:- Atmiya Sabha was started by Ram Mohan Roy in 1815 in Kolkata (then Calcutta). It served to conduct debate and discussion sessions on philosophical topics, and promote free and collective thinking and social reform. The foundation of Atmiya Sabha is considered as the beginning of the modern age in Kolkata.
564. The only Viceroy to be assassinated in India was
Correct Answer:-D ( Lord Mayo )
Description:- Lord May, the viceroy of India during 1869-1872, was assassinated by Sher Ali Afridi, an Afridi Pathan convict at Port Blair in the Andaman Islands on 8 February 1972. His murderer appeared to be motivated only by a sense of injustice at his own imprisonment, and had resolved to kill a high-ranking colonial official.
565. Who was the founder of the Theosophical Society?
Correct Answer:-B ( Madam Blavatsky )
Description:- The Theosophical Society was officially formed in New York City, United States, on 17 November 1875 by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Colonel Henry Steel Olcott, William Quan Judge, and others. It was formed as body of seekers after Truth, who endeavour to promote Brotherhood and strive to serve humanity.
566. Earth provides enough to satisfy everyman’s need but not everyman’s greed’. Who said this?
Correct Answer:-B ( Mahatma Gandhi )
Description:- Mahatma Gandhi said, ‘Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s need, but not every man’s greed.’ What Gandhi meant was that the nature earth has enough resources and means to meet the basic requirements of a man but it can’t serve the endless greed of man. He added that the rich must not only restrict their wants but must also treat their wealth as ‘trust’ for poor and use it for the welfare of poor.
567. The Kakori conspiracy was a train robbery that took place between Kakori and Lucknow in
Correct Answer:-C ( 1925)
Description:- The Kakori Conspiracy was a train robbery that took place between Kakori near Lucknow, on 9 August 1925 during the Indian Independence Movement against the British Indian Government. The robbery was carried out by Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Rajendra Lahiri, Chandrashekhar Azad and others.
568. Who is the first female governor of Independent India?
Correct Answer:-D ( Sarojini Naidu )
Description:- Sarojini Naidu was the first woman to become the governor of a state in India after India’s independence. She held the post of Governor of Uttar Pradesh from 15 August 1947 to 2 March 1949. Her daughter Padmaja Naidu was the second woman to be the Governor of any Indian state when she held the position of West Bengal Governor during 1956-1967.
569. Who is generally considered to be the father of the Indian Renaissance ?
Correct Answer:-B ( Raja Rammohan Roy )
Description:- Raja Ram Mohan Roy, the founder of Brahmo Samaj, is considered to be the father of Indian renaissance due to his modernistic influence on Indian politics, public administration and education as well as religion. He was, in fact, a rationalist and a pioneer of English education and enlightened journalism who laid the foundations of modern India.
570. The ‘Blue Water Policy’ was introduced by the Portugese leader
Correct Answer:-A ( Franscisco-de-Almeida )
Description:- The ‘Blue Water’ policy is attributed to Don Francisco de Almeida, the first Viceroy of the Portuguese possessions in India. As per this policy, the Portuguese should be the sole trade power in the Arabian sea and the Indian Ocean. It called for the Portuguese to be powerful at the sea instead of building fortresses on Indian mainland.
