571. Which of the following institutions was not founded by Mahatma Gandhi?
Correct Answer:-C ( Vishwa Bharti )
Description:- Visva Bharati was founded by Rabindranath Tagore in 1921 with proceeds from the prize money of the Nobel Prize he received in 1913 for the publication of his book of poems Gitanjali.Until India’s independence it was a college. Soon after independence, in 1951, the institution was given the status of a university and was renamed Visva Bharati University.
572. Who among the following did Gandhiji regard as his political Guru?
Correct Answer:-D ( Gopal Krishna Gokhale )
Description:- Gandhi referred to Gopal Krishna Gokhale as his political Guru. He often referred to Gokhale as ‘Mahatma’. Gokhale was a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and founder of the Servants of India Society who campaigned for Indian self-rule and social reform.
573. Who presided over the first session of the Indian National Congress?
Correct Answer:-C ( W.C. Banerjee )
Description:- Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee presided over the first session of the Indian National Congress held at Bombay in 1885 from 28 December to 31 December and attended by 72 members. He was also the first Indian to contest the election for the British House of Commons although he lost the election.
574. Which one of the following party was founded by Subhash Chandra Bose?
Correct Answer:-D ( Forward Block )
Description:- Forward Block was founded by Subhash Chandra Bose in 1939 as a faction within the Indian National Congress. It stood for complete independence of India and carrying on anti-imperialist struggle till the goal was achieved. The party stood for social ownership and control of both means of production and distribution.
575. Which one of the following papers was edited by Gandhiji in South Africa?
Correct Answer:-A ( Indian Opinion )
Description:- The Indian Opinion was a newspaper established by Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa in 1903. The publication was an important tool for the political movement led by Gandhi and the National Indian Congress to fight racial discrimination and win civil rights for the Indian immigrant community in South Africa.
576. The first Woman President of the Indian National Congress was
Correct Answer:-C ( Annie Besant )
Description:- Annie Besant was the first woman President of Indian National Congress. She presided over the 1917 Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress. She was of Irish origin and was one of the few foreigners who played a significant role in the Indian freedom movement.
577. Indian National Congress split for the first time in its session at
Correct Answer:-C ( Surat )
Description:- The Congress split into ‘Moderates’ and ‘Extremists’ after a violent clash at the Surat session in 1907. The extremists were led by Lokmanya Tilak, Lajpat Rai, and Sri Aurobindo; while, the moderates were led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Pherozeshah Mehta and Surendranath Banerjee. The divided Congress re-united at the Lucknow session of Congress in 1916.
578. English education was introduced in India by
Correct Answer:-B ( Macaulay )
Description:- Thomas Babington Macaulay is credited with the official introduction of English education in India. His ‘Minute Upon Indian Education,’ published in 1835, called for the replacement of Persian by English as the official language, the use of English as the medium of instruction in all schools, and the training of English-speaking Indians as teachers. His views were endorsed and implemented by Lord Bentinck in the form of English Education Act 1835.
579. Which Governor General was called as the ‘Father of Local Self- Government’ in India?
Correct Answer:-D ( Lord Ripon )
Description:- Lord Ripon is known as the ‘Father of Local Self Government’ in India. In his famous resolution on local self-government on May 18, 1882, Ripon recognised the twin considerations of local government: (i) administrative efficiency and (ii) political education. He moved the famous resolution,known as the Magna Carta of local self-government in India, to devolve financial and administrative powers to the institutions of local self-government.
580. What was the chief objective of the ‘Wahabi movement’?
Correct Answer:-B ( Purify Islam )
Description:- The Wahabi movement primarily aimed at purging the faith of prevalent superstitions on the line prescribed by the Prophet. It was reformist movement within Islam that started in Arabia in the 18th century. In India, this movement took off in the early 19th century when Syed Ahmed of Rai Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh started it.
581. Which of the following was published by Gandhiji during his stay in South Africa?
Correct Answer:-B ( Indian Opinion )
Description:- The Indian Opinion was a newspaper established by Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi during his stay in South Africa. The publication was an important tool for the political movement led by Gandhi and the National Indian Congress to fight racial discrimination and win civil rights for the Indian immigrant community in South Africa. It existed between 1903 and 1915.
582. Who is referred to as ‘Frontier Gandhi’?
Correct Answer:-C ( Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan )
Description:- Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, a Pashtun independence activist against the rule of the British Raj, was known as Frontier Gandhi. He hugely inspired the Pathans of the North-West Frontier to follow the Gandhian values of non-violence and non-possession
583. Who referred to Mahatma Gandhi as ‘Father of the Nation’ for the first time?
Correct Answer:-D ( Subhash Chandra Bose )
Description:- It was Subhash Chandra Bose who used the term, ‘Father of the Nation,’ for Mahatma Gandhi, in a radio address from Singapore in 1944. Later, it was recognized by the Indian government. Father of the Nation is an honorific title given to a man considered the driving force behind the establishment of a nation.
584. Which title, given by the British Government to Mahatma Gandhi, was surrendered during the noncooperation movement?
Correct Answer:-D ( Kaisar-i-Hind )
Description:- Gandhi was awarded the Kaisar-i-Hind in 1915 by Lord Hardinge of Penshurst for his contribution to ambulance services in South Africa. He returned the medal in 1920 as part of the national campaign protesting the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and in support of the Khilafat Movement.
585. What was the immediate cause of the Mutiny of 1857?
Correct Answer:-B ( The use of greased cartridges in the new Enfield Rifle )
Description:- The use of greased cartridges in the new Enfield Rifle is considered by historians as the immediate cause of the 1857 Revolt. It was believed that the cartridges that were standard issue with this rifle were greased with lard (pork fat) which was regarded as unclean by Muslims and tallow (cow fat) which angered the Hindus as cows were equal to a goddess to them. This insulted both Hindu and Muslim religious practices.
586. Who introduced the ‘Doctrine of Lapse’ to expand British territories in India?
Correct Answer:-D ( Lord Dalhousie )
Description:- The doctrine of lapse was an annexation policy purportedly devised by Lord Dalhousie, who was the Governor General for the East India Company in India between 1848 and 1856. This doctrine was based on the idea that in case a ruler of dependent state died childless, the right of ruling over the State reverted or ‘lapsed’ to the sovereign.
587. The Sharda Act is related to
Correct Answer:-C ( Child Marriage )
Description:- The Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929, passed on 28 September, 1929, is popularly known as the Sharda Act, after its sponsor Harbilas Sarda. It fixed the age of marriage for girls at 14 years and boys at 18 years which was later amended to 18 for girls and 21 for boys.
588. Gandhiji’s ‘Satyagraha’ meant an attachment to the following two elements
Correct Answer:-B ( Truth and non-violence )
Description:- To Gandhi, satyagraha meant attachment to truth, and, therefore, truth-force or love-force. It was a particular form of nonviolent resistance or civil resistance. It was critical to Gandhi’s understanding of and faith in non-violence and went far beyond mere ‘passive resistance’.
589. Who was the founder of Arya Samaj?
Correct Answer:-B ( Dayanand Saraswati )
Description:- The Arya Samaj (Noble Society) was founded in Bombay by Swami Dayanand Saraswati on 7 April 1875. Arya Samaj is a Hindu reform movement that promotes values and practices based on the infallibility of the Vedas. Denouncing the idolatry and ritualistic worship prevalent in Hinduism at the time, the movement worked towards reviving Vedic ideologies.
590. During whose Viceroyalty, the capital of India was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi?
Correct Answer:-B ( Lord Harding )
Description:- During the Delhi Durbar on 12 December 1911, George V, the then ruling Emperor of India, along with Queen Mary, announced that the capital of India would be shifted from Kolkata to Delhi. Charles Hardinge who was the viceroy of India during 1910-1916 oversaw the actual transfer of capital in 1912.
591. The Working Committee of National Congress sanctioned the resolution named ‘Quit India’ at
Correct Answer:-A ( Wardha )
Description:- The Congress Working Committee meeting at Wardha on 14 July 1942 passed a resolution demanding complete independence from the British government. The draft proposed massive civil disobedience if the British did not accede to the demands. This resolution is known as Wardha Resolution and more popularly as ‘Quit India Resolution.’
592. Who coined the slogan ‘Inquilab Zindabad’?
Correct Answer:-C ( Bhagat Singh )
Description:- Inquilab Zindabad is an Urdu phrase which translates to ‘Long Live the Revolution!’ The slogan was coined by Hasrat Mohani. Its first use by a revolutionary was in 1929 when Bhagat Singh shouted it after bombing the Central Assembly in Delhi.
593. Who introduced Western education?
Correct Answer:-A ( Raja Ram Mohan Roy )
Description:- Raja Ram Mohan Roy, the founder of the Brahmo Sabha in 1828, introduced western education in India. He protested against the East India Company’s decision to support vernacular education and insisted that English replace Sanskrit and Persian in India.He supported induction of scientific learning and worked hard to promote the western education in India. His efforts led to the establishment of Hindu College at Calcutta in 1817.
594. The system of Budget was introduced in India during the Viceroyalty of
Correct Answer:-A ( Canning )
Description:- The budget was first introduced in India on 7 April, 1860 during the viceroyalty of Lord Canning. The budget was presented by the East-India Company to the British Crown. James Wilson presented the budget in 1860.
595. Who was the President of Indian National Congress at the time of Indian independence ?
Correct Answer:-B ( J. B. Kriplani )
Description:- J. B. Kripalani was an Indian politician, noted particularly for holding the presidency of the Indian National Congress during the transfer of power in 1947. Kripalani was a Gandhian socialist, environmentalist, mystic and independence activist.He was one of Gandhi’s most ardent disciples.
596. Who gave the title ‘Nightingale of India’ to Sarojini Naidu ?
Correct Answer:-D ( Mahatma Gandhi )
Description:- Mahatma Gandhi gave the title ‘Nightingale of India’ (Bharat Kokila) to Sarojini Naidu on account of the beautiful and rhythmic words of her poems that could be sung as well. Some of her notable poems include: The Golden Threshold, The Bird of Time, The Broken Wing, The Wizard Mask, etc.
597. The Swadeshi Boycott Movement is related to
Correct Answer:-B ( Partition of Bengal in 1905 )
Description:- The Swadeshi Movement was officially proclaimed on August 7, 1905 at the Calcutta Town Hall against the partition of Bengal by the British. Boycott movement was also launched along with the Swadeshi movement. The movements included using goods produced in India and burning British-made goods.
598. Mutiny of 1857 was described as the First Indian War of Independence by
Correct Answer:-D ( V. D. Savarkar )
Description:- It was V D Savarkar, who, in his book The Indian War of Independence, described the revolt as the first Indian war of independence. This contrasted with British historians who described the revolt more as sepoy mutiny and rebellion rather than an war of independence.
599. Abhinav Bharat’ was founded in 1904 as a secret society of revolutionaries by :
Correct Answer:-B ( V. D. Savarkar )
Description:- Abhinav Bharat Society (Young India Society) was a secret society founded by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and his brother Ganesh Damodar Savarkar in 1903. Initially founded at Nasik as Mitra Mela when Vinayak Savarkar was still a student Fergusson College at Pune, the society extended to various parts of India and London. It carried out a few assassinations of British officials, after which the Savarkar brothers were convicted and imprisoned.
600. Who propounded the ‘Doctrine of Passive Resistance’?
Correct Answer:-B ( Aurobindo Ghosh )
Description:- The Doctrine of Passive Resistance was propounded by Aurobindo Ghosh in a series of articles that were published in the journal Bande Mataram in April 1907. As a political leader and writer Aurobindo made an intense and passionate appeal of passive resistance, or, as it could be more comprehensively termed, defensive resistance. He was against the Moderates’ theory of ‘politics of petition’ and advocated the more radical policy of boycott.
