181. The administrative consequence of the Revolt of 1857 was transfer of power from
Correct Answer:-A ( East India Company to the British Crown )
Description:- The rebellion led to the dissolution of the East India Company in 1858. It also led the British to reorganize the army, the financial system and the administration in India. In August, by the Government of India Act 1858, the company was formally dissolved and its ruling powers over India were transferred to the British Crown. A new British government department, the India Office, was created to handle the governance of India, and its head, the Secretary of State for India, was entrusted with formulating Indian policy. The Governor-General of India gained a new title (Viceroy of India), and implemented the policies devised by the India Office.
182. The issue on which the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930 was launched was
Correct Answer:-C ( salt monopoly exercised by the British Government )
Description:- On the historic day of 12th March 1930, Gandhi inaugurated The Civil Disobedience Movement by conducting the historic Dandi Salt March, where he broke the Salt Laws imposed by the British Government.
183. Who was the last Governor-General of India ?
Correct Answer:-C ( C. Rajagopalachari )
Description:- C. Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India from 1948 to 1950. Later he was Union Home Minister from 1951 to 1952 and as Chief Minister of Madras state from 1952 to 1954. In 1959, he resigned from the Indian National Congress and founded the Swatantra Party, which stood against the Congress in the 1962, 1967 and 1972 elections. Rajaji was instrumental in setting up a united Anti-Congress front in Madras state under C. N. Annadurai, which swept the 1967 elections.
184. Which Directive Principle bears the direct impact of Gandhi’s moral philosophy ?
Correct Answer:-C ( Prohibition of the slaughter of cows )
Description:- Two Directive Principles of State Policy which are based on the Gandhian ideals are: (i) promotion of cottage industries on an individual and co-operative basis in rural areas; and (ii) prevention of slaughter of cows and calves and other milch cattle.
185. Who represented India in the Second Round Table Conference?
Correct Answer:-A ( Sarojani Nadu )
Description:- On August 29, 1931, Gandhi sailed for England in the SS Rajputana to attend the Second Round Table Conference, He went as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress. He was accompanied by Sarojini Naidu and also Madan Mohan Malaviya, Ghanshyam Das Birla, Muhammad Iqbal, Sir Mirza Ismail Diwan of Mysore, S.K. Dutta and Sir Syed Ali Imam. The conference failed to reach agreement, either constitutionally or on communal representation.
186. Who declared as his ultimate aim the wiping of every tear from every eye?
Correct Answer:-B ( Gandhiji )
Description:- Gandhiji had said that his mission in life was ‘to wipe every tear from every eye.’
187. In ends and means relationship, Gandhiji believed
Correct Answer:-C ( Means determine the end )
Description:- The theory of satyagraha sees means and ends as inseparable. The means used to obtain an end are wrapped up in and attached to that end. Therefore, it is contradictory to try to use unjust means to obtain justice or to try to use violence to obtain peace. As Gandhi wrote: ‘They say, ‘means are, after all, means’. I would say, ‘means are, after all, everything’. As the means so the end’. Gandhi rejected the idea that injustice should, or even could, be fought against ‘by any means necessary’ — if you use violent, coercive, unjust means, whatever ends you produce will necessarily embed that injustice.
188. The First Victory & Governor- General of British India was
Correct Answer:-D ( Lord Canning )
Description:- Lord Canning was the first Viceroy of India. The title of Viceroy was created in 1858 after the mutiny of 1857. Before 1858, East India Company was ruling large parts of India and the head of administration of the East India Company was called Governor General. This office was created in 1773. The title Governor General had administrative control over the British Provinces of India (Punjab, Bengal, Bombay, Madras, United Provinces etc.). After the mutiny of 1857, the British Government took control of the administration from East India Company. To reflect the Governor General’s role as representative from the monarch, the term Viceroy of India was applied to him. The title remained in existence from 1858 till 1947. Lord Caning was Governor General of India from 1856 to 1858 and Viceroy of India from 1858 to 1862.
189. The split between the ‘Extremists’ and ‘Moderates’ came up in the open at the Surat Congress Session in the year
Correct Answer:-C ( 1907)
Description:- At the Surat Session in 1907, congress leaders split into two groups – moderates and extremists. In Surat, Extremists tried to push the candidature of Lala Lajpat Rai for President-ship of congress and Moderates Dr. Ras Behari Ghosh to be the President. The situation was saved by Lala Lajpat Rai and stepping down and Dr. Ras Behari Ghosh became the President. Real trouble started when the moderates tried to repudiate the resolution on boycott, swadeshi and national education which has been adopted in 1906. This was not acceptable to the extremists. As a result open clashes took place and session was suspended thereafter Moderates held a separate convention from which the extremists were excluded this marked a complete split in the Congress.
190. Bhulabhai Desai’s most memorable achievement was his defence of the Indian National Army (I.N.A.) personnel at the Red Fort Trial towards the end of
Correct Answer:-C ( 1945)
Description:- When three captured Indian National Army (INA) officers, Shahnawaz Khan, Prem Kumar Sahgal and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon were put on trial for treason, the Congress formed a Defence committee composed of 17 advocates including Bhulabhai Desai. The courtmartial hearing began in October 1945 at the Red Fort. Bhulabhai was the leading counsel for the defense. Undeterred by poor health, Bhulabhai made an emphatic and passionate argument in defense of the charged soldiers.
191. The First Viceroy of the Portuguese in the East was
Correct Answer:-C ( Francisco de Almedia )
Description:- The Portuguese State of India was established in 1505 as a viceroyalty of the Kingdom of Portugal, six years after the discovery of a sea route between Portugal and India, to serve as the plenipotentiary governing body of a string of Portuguese fortresses and colonies overseas. The first viceroy was Francisco de Almeida, who established his headquarters in Cochin. Subsequent Portuguese governors were not always of vice-roy rank. After 1510, the capital of the Portuguese viceroyalty was transferred to Goa.
192. When was the All India Women’s Conference founded
Correct Answer:-D ( 1927)
Description:- All India Women’s Conference was founded in 1927 ‘as an organization dedicated to upliftment and betterment of women and children’. AIWC was registered in 1930 under the Societies Registration Act, XXI of 1860. Its founder members were Maharani Chimnabai Gaekwad; Rani Sahiba of Sangli; Sarojini Naidu; Kamla Devi Chattopadhyaya; Lady Dorab Tata, etc. It first met at the Ferguson College, Pune on January 3, 1927. Some of the legislative reforms initiated by the AIWC include: Sharda Act (1929); Hindu Women’s Right to Property Act (1937); Factory Act (1947); Hindu Marriage and Divorce Act (1954); Special Marriage Act (1954); Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act (1956); Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act (1956); The Suppression of Immoral Traffic in Women Act (1958); Maternity Benefits Act (1961); Dowry Prohibition Act (1961); Equal Remuneration Act (1958, 1976), etc.
193. The Kuka movement started in mid-Nineteenth century in
Correct Answer:-A ( Western Punjab )
Description:- The Namdhari or Kuka movement had its origin in the north-west corner of the Sikh kingdom. The main difference between Namdhari Sikhs and mainstream Sikhs is their belief in Jagjit Singh as their living Guru (as opposed to the Guru Granth Sahib, the present Guru of Sikhs). Other differences include being: strict vegetarians; placing equal importance between the Guru Granth Sahib and the Dasam Granth, the holy book written by the 10th Guru, Guru Gobind Singh. Ram Singh Kuka was the founder of the Kuka movement. He was strongly opposed to the British rule and started an intense non-cooperation movement against them. Led by him, the people boycotted English education, mill made cloths and other imported goods.
194. Mahatma Gandhi’s remark, ‘A post-dated cheque on a crumbling bank’ is regarding the proposals of
Correct Answer:-B ( Cripps Mission )
Description:- Early in 1942, Sir Stafford Cripps, a member of the War Cabinet of Winston Churchill, was sent to make a definite offer to India on behalf of the British Government. The proposals gave a severe blow to Indian unity as the provinces could not opt to join the federation and this tantamounted to the acceptance of Pakistan in principle. Secondly, it was felt that the interests of the people of the Indian states were ignored as the Indian States would be represented by the representatives nominated by their rulers. No limit was set for the actual grant of Dominion Status. Since the very foundation of the British Empire seemed to be uncertain at that moment of World War, the longterm offer of Dominion Status was, as Gandhiji remarked, a ‘post-dated cheque on a failing bank.’
195. Under whose leadership was the Congress Socialist Party founded in 1934 ?
Correct Answer:-B ( Acharya Narendra Dev and Jai Prakash Narayan )
Description:- The Congress Socialist Party (CSP) was founded in 1934 as a socialist caucus within the Indian National Congress. Its members rejected what they saw as the anti-rational mysticism of Mohandas Gandhi as well as the sectarian attitude of the Communist Party of India towards the Congress Party. Influenced by Fabianism as well as Marxism-Leninism, the CSP included advocates of armed struggle or sabotage (such as Jai Prakash Narayan and Basawon Singh (Sinha) as well as those who insisted upon ahimsa or nonviolent resistance (such as Acharya Narendra Deva).
196. Which one of the following is incorrectly matched ?
Correct Answer:-D ( Balboa – 1530 )
Description:- Vasco Nunez de Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513, becoming the first European to lead an expedition to have seen or reached the Pacific from the New World. He traveled to the New World in 1500 and, after some exploration, settled on the island of Hispaniola. He founded the settlement of Santa Maria la Antigua del Darién in present-day Panama in 1510, which was the first permanent European settlement on the mainland of the Americas
197. When did the British make English the medium of instruction in India ?
Correct Answer:-C ( 1835)
Description:- Lord William Bentinck introduced western or English education in India in 1835. Macaulay’s Minute formed the basis for the reforms introduced in the English Education Act of 1835. Macaulay famously stated in his ‘Minute on Indian Education’ (1835): ‘all the historical information which has been collected from all the books written in Sanskrit language is less valuable than what may be found in the most paltry abridgments used at preparatory schools in England.
198. During whose Veceroyship did the High Courts come into existence at the three presidential cities of Calcutta, Madras and Bombay ?
Correct Answer:-C ( John Lawrence )
Description:- It was during the period of Lord Lawrence (1864 – 1869) that the three High Courts were established at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras in 1865. The Universities of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras were established in 1857 during the period of Lord Canning (1856 – 1862).
199. Who was popularly known as ‘Nana Saheb’ ?
Correct Answer:-B ( Balaji Baji Rao )
Description:- Nanasaheb Peshwa, also known as Balaji Baji Rao, was the son of Bajirao from his marriage with Kashibai and one of the Peshwa of the Maratha Empire. He contributed heavily to the development of the city of Pune, India. He was appointed as Peshwa by Chattrapati Shahu himself. Nanasaheb lost his cousin, Sadashivrao Bhau (the son of Chimaji Appa), and his eldest son, Vishwasrao, at the [Third Battle of Panipat].
200. In which session of the Indian National Congress did the historic union of Congress and Muslim League take place?
Correct Answer:-D ( Lucknow )
Description:- Lucknow Pact, (December 1916) was a famous agreement made by the Indian National Congress headed by Maratha leader Bal Gangadhar Tilak and the All-India Muslim League led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah which was adopted by the Congress at its Lucknow session on December 29 and by the league on December 31, 1916. The meeting at Lucknow marked the reunion of the moderate and radical wings of the Congress. The pact dealt both with the structure of the government of India and with the relation of the Hindu and Muslim communities.
201. Who attended the Imperial Durbar of 1877 dressed in hand-spun Khadi ?
Correct Answer:-D ( Ganesh Vasudev Joshi )
Description:- Called the ‘Proclamation Durbar’, the Durbar of 1877 was held beginning on 1 January 1877 to designate the coronation and proclaim Queen Victoria as Empress of India. The 1877 Durbar was largely an official event and not a popular occasion with mass appeal like 1903 and 1911. It was attended by the 1st Earl of Lytton – Viceroy of India, maharajas, Nawabs and intellectuals. It was at this glittering durbar that a man in ‘homespun spotless white khadi’ rose to read a citation on behalf of the Pune Sarvajanik Sabha. Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi put forth a demand couched in very polite language: ‘We beg of Her Majesty to grant to India the same political and social status as is enjoyed by her British subjects.’ With this demand, it can be said that the campaign for a free India was formally launched.
202. Who was the founder-editor of the famous newspaper ‘Kesari’ during the National Struggle ?
Correct Answer:-C ( Lokmanya Tilak )
Description:- Kesari is a newspaper founded in 1881 by Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, a prominent leader of the Indian Independence movement. Tilak used to run his two newspapers, the Kesari, in Marathi and Maratha in English from Kesari Wada.
204. Who was the only Indian to be elected as President of the United Nations General Assembly ?
Correct Answer:-A ( Vijayalakshmi Pandit )
Description:- Vijaya Lakshmi Nehru Pandit was an Indian diplomat and politician, the sister of Jawaharlal Nehru. Between 1946 and 1968 she headed the Indian delegation to the United Nations. In 1953, she became the first woman President of the United Nations General Assembly.
205. What was the reason for Gandhiji’s support to decentralisation of power ?
Correct Answer:-C ( Decentralisation was essential for the economic development of the country )
Description:- Gandhi’s greatest contribution to the social thought of this century is perhaps his insistence on decentralization of the means of production (i.e. say economic power). According to him, large-scale industrialism is at the base of the centralization of political power in few hands. It is in the very nature of largescale industries to centralize economic power in the hands of a few individuals. Under capitalism this power comes to be concentrated in the hands of individual capitalists and under socialism it is arrogated by managers, technocrats and bureaucrats.
206. Which of the following, according to Mahatma Gandhi, is the strongest force in the world?
Correct Answer:-A ( Non-violence of the brave )
Description:- According to Gandhi, Non violence is not passive. It is active, creative, provocative and challenging. Gandhi described non-violence as ‘A force more powerful than all the weapons of world combined.’ ‘Non violence is the greatest and most active force in the world.’ Gandhi wrote, ‘It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of humanity. When we tap into the spirit of non-violence, it becomes contagious and can topple empires.’ According to Gandhi one should be brave and not a coward. He should present his views, suggestions and thoughts without being violent. One should fight a war with the weapons of truth and non violence.
207. Who among the following were members of the Swaraj Party? (a) Motilal Nehru (b) Sardar Patel (c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Correct Answer:-B ( a only )
Description:- In December 1922, Chittaranjan Das, Narasimha Chintaman Kelkar and Motilal Nehru formed the Congress- Khilafat Swarajaya Party with Das as the president and Nehru as one of the secretaries. Other prominent leaders included Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy and Subhas Chandra Bose of Bengal, Vithalbhai Patel and other Congress leaders who were becoming dissatisfied with the Congress.
208. Where are the traces of Portuguese culture found in India?
Correct Answer:-A ( Goa )
Description:- Goa is a former Portuguese colony, the Portuguese overseas territory of Portuguese India existed for about 450 years until it was annexed by India in 1961. In 1510, the Portuguese defeated the ruling Bijapur kings with the help of a local ally, Timayya, leading to the establishment of a permanent settlement in Velha Goa (or Old Goa). In 1843 the capital was moved to Panjim from Velha Goa. By the mid-18th century the area under occupation had expanded to most of Goa’s present day state limits. Simultaneously the Portuguese lost other possessions in India until their borders stabilized and formed the Estado da India Portuguesa, of which Goa was the largest territory.
209. The British introduced the railways in India in order to
Correct Answer:-B ( facilitate British commerce and adminis-trative control )
Description:- The history of rail transport in India began in the mid-nineteenth century. In 1849, there was not a single kilometer of railway line in India. By 1929, there were 66,000 km of railway lines serving most of the districts in the country. At that point of time, the railways represented a capital value of some British Sterling Pounds 687 million. The primary purpose for the introduction of railways was to serve the colonial interests in a better way. Besides, the Revolt of 1857 had shown how vulnerable and fragile the roots of British rule could be. So Railways were introduced to organize administration in a better way and facilitate British commercial interests in India.
210. According to Dadabhai Naoroji ‘Swaraj’ meant
Correct Answer:-B ( Self government )
Description:- Dadabhai Naoroji in his Presidential address at the National Congress in Calcutta said,’ We must have Swaraj on the lines granted to Canada and Australia, which is our sole aim.’ For him Swaraj meant administration of affairs in a country by her own people on their own strength in accordance with the welfare of the people without even nominal suzerainty.
