31. The Cremean War was fought between
Correct Answer:-[B] ( Russia and Turkey )
Description:- The Crimean War (October 1853 – February 1856) was a conflict between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the French Empire, the British Empire, the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. The war was part of a long-running contest between major European powers for influence over territories of the declining Ottoman Empire.
32. Absolute sovereign power of the Monarch was advocated by
Correct Answer:-[A] ( Thomas Hobbes )
Description:- Thomas Hobbes was a champion of absolutism for the sovereign. According to Hobbes, society is a population beneath a sovereign authority, to whom all individuals in that society cede some rights for the sake of protection. Any abuses of power by this authority are to be accepted as the price of peace. He, however, also developed some of the fundamentals of European liberal thought.
33. Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. in
Correct Answer:-[B] ( Babylon )
Description:- Alexander died in Babylon in 323 BC, without executing a series of planned campaigns that would have begun with an invasion of Arabia. In the years following his death, a series of civil wars tore his empire apart, resulting in several states ruled by the Diadochi, Alexander’s surviving generals and heirs.
34. When was the first of the Geneva Conventions on the treatment of war victims adopted ?
Correct Answer:-[C] ( 1864)
Description:- The Geneva Conventions comprise four treaties, and three additional protocols, that establish the standards of international law for the humanitarian treatment of war. The singular term Geneva Convention denotes the agreements of 1949, negotiated in the aftermath of the Second World War (1939–45), which updated the terms of the first three treaties (1864, 1906, 1929), and added a fourth treaty. The First Geneva Convention (1864), for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field, is one of four treaties of the Geneva Conventions.
35. Which slogan was given by the French Revolution to the world ?
Correct Answer:-[B] ( Liberty, Equality, Fraternity )
Description:- “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” is the French motto which came about around the time of the French revolution. Credit for the motto has traditionally been given to Antoine-François Momoro (1756–1794), a Parisian printer and Hebertist organizer.
36. Who is the oldest British monarch to sit on the Throne?
Correct Answer:-[B] ( Queen Elizabeth-II )
Description:- Queen Elizabeth-II is the oldest British monarch to sit on the throne. She ascended the throne on February 6, 1952.
37. From which city did the Russian Revolution begin ?
Correct Answer:-[A] ( St. Petersburg )
Description:- Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (1870-1924) was the founder of modern communist Russia. He was the leader of Soviet revolution of October 1917. He liberated the country from the Czars and became Head of its first Communist Government (1917 – 1924). On March 7, 1917 workers struck work and attacked Petrograd. Farmers revolted in the villages and the frustrated soldiers of World War I joined the general public to revolt against the Czar. Petrograd is now called St. Petersburg.
38. Which country emerged as the biggest colonial power at the end of the nineteenth century ?
Correct Answer:-[C] ( Britain )
Description:- Briain emerged as the biggest colonial power at the end of the nineteenth century.
39. Where was Christopher Columbus from ?
Correct Answer:-[C] ( Spain )
Description:- Christopher Columbs (1451–1506) was an Italian navigator. He begged the King and Queen of Spain for a ship to sail west to India. In 1492 he discovered the route to America, Bahamas. Cuba and West Indies islands. In 1498, he landed in South America and in 1503, sailed to Central America.
40. Of the following, in which did Napoleonic France suffer final defeat?
Correct Answer:-[A] ( Battle of Trafalgar )
Description:- Battles of Wagram, Pyramids and Austerlitz resulted in decisive victories for Napoleon. The Battle of Trafalgar (21 October 1805) was a naval engagement fought by the British Royal Navy against the combined fleets of the French Navy and Spanish Navy, during the War of the Third Coalition (August– December 1805) of the Napoleonic Wars (1803– 1815). The battle was the most decisive British naval victory of the war.
41. According to Marx, the source of value is
Correct Answer:-[C] ( Labour )
Description:- According to Marx’s labor theory of value, human labor is the only source of net new economic value. He described labor as necessary for all earnings and capital accumulation.
42. “The word impossible is found in the dictionary of fools” was the famous quote of :
Correct Answer:-[D] ( Napoleon )
Description:- It was Napoleon Bonaparte, the great conqueror, who said, “Impossible is a word to be found only in the dictionary of fools. He said, “Impossible is not in my dictionary.”
43. “What is the Third Estate ?” pamphlet associated with the French Revolution, was written by :
Correct Answer:-[D] ( Abbe Sieyes )
Description:- What Is the Third Estate? is a political pamphlet written by French thinker and clergyman Abbe Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes in January 1789, shortly before the outbreak of the French Revolution. In the pamphlet, Sieyes argued that the Third Estate – the common people of France – constituted a complete nation.
44. Which of the following countries is regarded as the home of ‘Fabian Socialism’?
Correct Answer:-[B] ( England )
Description:- The Fabian Society is a British socialist organization whose purpose is to advance the principles of socialism via gradualist and reformist, rather than revolutionary, means. It is best known for its initial ground-breaking work beginning late in the 19th century and continuing up to World War I.
45. The Crimean War came to an end by the
Correct Answer:-[C] ( Treaty of Paris )
Description:- The Treaty of Paris of 1856 settled the Crimean War between Russia and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, the British Empire, Second French Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. The treaty, signed on March 30, 1856 at the Congress of Paris, made the Black Sea neutral territory between the warring states.
46. Who amongst the following was not associated with the Unification of Italy ?
Correct Answer:-[C] ( Mussolini )
Description:- Benito Mussolini is linked to Fascism. He was an Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party, ruling the country as Prime Minister from 1922 until his ousting in 1943.
47. Who among the following played a prominent role during the “Reign of Terror” in France ?
Correct Answer:-[C] ( Robespierre )
Description:- The Reign of Terror (5 September 1793 – 28 July 1794) was a period of violence that occurred after the onset of the French Revolution, incited by conflict between rival political factions, the Girondins and the Jacobins, and marked by mass executions of “enemies of the revolution.” Robespierre, a French lawyer and politician, was an important figure during the Reign of Terror, which ended a few months after his arrest and execution in July 1794.
48. Who discovered the sea route to India ?
Correct Answer:-[A] ( Vasco-da-gama )
Description:- Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer who discovered the sea route to India from Europe through the Cape of Good Hope. He was successful in crossing the Indian Ocean and anchored off the city of Calicut, India, on May 20, 1498.
49. Potato was introduced to Europe by :
Correct Answer:-[C] ( Spanish )
Description:- Potato was brought to Europe from the New World by Spanish explorers. Sailors returning from the Andes to Spain with silver presumably brought maize and potatoes for their own food on the trip. Historians speculate that leftover tubers (and maize) were carried ashore and planted.
50. Marxian materialism came from the idea of
Correct Answer:-[C] ( Darwin )
Description:- Marxian materialism is a methodological approach to the study of society, economics, and history. It was first articulated as the materialist conception of history in which changes in material conditions are the primary influence in the organization of society and economy. Darwin applied materialist philosophy to nature, while Marx-Engels applied it to history.
51. Napoleon got finally overthrown in the Battle of Waterloo in the year
Correct Answer:-[C] ( 1815)
Description:- The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday, 18 June 1815, near Waterloo in present-day Belgium, then part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. A French army under the command of Napoleon was defeated by the armies of the Seventh Coalition, comprising an Anglo-allied army under the command of the Duke of Wellington.
52. The Declaration of the Rights of Man is related with
Correct Answer:-[B] ( The French Revolution )
Description:- The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, passed by France’s National Constituent Assembly in August 1789, is a fundamental document of the French Revolution. It defines the individual and collective rights of all the estates of the realm as universal.
53. The policy of ‘imperial preferences’ adopted by Britain in its colonies in 1932 is also known as the
Correct Answer:-[C] ( Ottawa Agreement )
Description:- The British Empire Economic Conference (Ottawa Conference) was a 1932 conference of British colonies and the autonomous dominions held to discuss the Great Depression. The meeting worked to establish a zone of limited tariffs within the British Empire, but with high tariffs with the rest of the world. This was called “Imperial preference.”
54. Who said, “Adolf Hitler is Germany and Germany is Adolf Hitler. He who pledges himself to Hitler pledges himself to Germany” ?
Correct Answer:-[A] ( R. Hess )
Description:- Rudolf Hess, on 25 February 1934, said: “Adolf Hitler is Germany and Germany is Adolf Hitler. He who takes an oath to Hitler takes an oath to Germany!” About a million Nazi Party officials had gathered on this day at points around Germany to swear an oath to Adolf Hitler.
55. Who has called the Prime Minister Primus inter pares (first among equals) ?
Correct Answer:-[A] ( Morely )
Description:- Describing the Prime Minister, Lord Morley said, “Although in Cabinet all its members stand on an equal footing, speak with one voice, and, on the rare occasions when a division is taken, are counted on the fraternal principle of one man one vote, yet the head of the Cabinet is primus inter pares. ……..”
56. The slogan of the French Revolution was
Correct Answer:-[C] ( Liberty, equality and fraternity )
Description:- The famous slogan of the French Revolution was “liberty, equality, fraternity”. Many other nations have adopted the French slogan of “Liberty, Equality and Fraternity” as an ideal. These words appear in the preamble to the Constitution of India, enforced in 1950.
57. Pablo Picasso, the famous painter was
Correct Answer:-[D] ( Spanish )
Description:- Pablo Picasso was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907), and Guernica (1937), etc.
58. 1917 is know for
Correct Answer:-[D] ( The Russian Revolution )
Description:- The Russian Revolution is the collective term for a series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the communist government. The Emperor was forced to abdicate and replaced by a provisional government during the first revolution of February 1917. In the second revolution, during October, the Provisional Government was replaced with a Bolshevik (Communist) government.
59. Who was a founder member of the Russian Populist Movement “Anarchism” ?
Correct Answer:-[A] ( Mikhail Bakunin )
Description:- Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876) was the founder and most prominent leader of Russian Anarchism. He is regarded as one of the fathers of modern terrorism. Anarchism was the first Russian intellectual movement to have a significant international impact.
60. Fascism believes in the application of the principle of :
Correct Answer:-[D] ( Totalitarianism )
Description:- Fascism is a form of right-wing totalitarianism which emphasizes the subordination of the individual to advance the interests of the state. The government of Nazi Germany was a fascist, totalitarian state. Totalitarian regimes, in contrast to a dictatorship, establish complete political, social, and cultural control over their subjects, and are usually headed by a charismatic leader.
61. What is ‘Reformation’?
Correct Answer:-[C] ( The revolt against authority of pope )
Description:- The Reformation was a series of events in 16thcentury England by which the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church. Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with his 1517 work The Ninety-Five Theses.
62. The National Emblem of Italy is :
Correct Answer:-[C] ( White Lily )
Description:- An emblem is an official symbol or insignia or seal reserved for use by a nation state as a symbol of that nation. A national emblem is an animal, tree, flower or object which serves as a designated abstract representation of a nation. In this sense, White Lily is the national emblem of Italy.
63. Who advocated Nazism in Germany ?
Correct Answer:-[B] ( Adolf Hitler )
Description:- German dictator Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) advocated Nazism in Germany. led the extreme nationalist and racist Nazi party and served as chancellor-president of Germany from 1933 to 1945. Nazism advocated militant nationalism, war and aggressive imperialism and precipitated the outbreak of the Second World War. Nazism under Hitler led to the extermination of approximately 6 million Jews.
64. The fall of Bastille is associated with the
Correct Answer:-[B] ( French Revolution of 1789 )
Description:- The Storming of the Bastille occurred in Paris, France, on the afternoon of 14 July 1789. The medieval fortress and prison in Paris known as the Bastille was a symbol of the abuse of the monarchy. The fall of Bastille marked the beginning of the French Revolution that led to the overthrow of monarchy.
65. John Locke profounded :
Correct Answer:-[A] ( Social Contract Theory )
Description:- John Locke was one of the proponents of Social Contract theory. According to it, the origin of the state is due to general agreement freely entered into by equal and independent individuals living in a state of nature to form themselves in to a community and obey a government established by them. Hobbes, Rousseau and Kant also contributed to the theory.
66. The Greek viewed “politics” on the basis of :
Correct Answer:-[B] ( Ethical terms )
Description:- The Greek viewed politics on the basis of ethical terms. The very word comes from the title of Aristotle’s book ‘Politics’ (politika means “affairs of the cities’) that discussed the city (polis) or “political community” as opposed to other types of communities and argued that the highest form of community is the polis since public life is far more virtuous than the private and because men are “political animals.’ According to Aristotle’s philosophy, the inquiry into ethics necessarily follows into politics. He believed that the purpose of politics is to ensure “good life” and set up a just society. This is purely an ethical standpoint and Aristotle viewed politics in that light.
67. French revolution broke out in the year :
Correct Answer:-[C] ( 1789)
Description:- The French Revolution was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon.
68. Wall Street collapse led to ____
Correct Answer:-[D] ( Great Depression )
Description:- The Wall Street Crash of 1929 led to the beginning of the 10-year Great Depression that affected all Western industrialized countries. Also known as Black Tuesday, the Great Crash, or the Stock Market Crash of 1929, it began on October 24, 1929 (“Black Thursday”), and was the most devastating stock market crash in the history of the United States.
69. The ideas of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity, which influenced the Indian National Movement, was taken from ___
Correct Answer:-[D] ( French revolution )
Description:- The Indian national movement borrowed the concepts of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity (“Liberté, égalité, fraternité”) from the French Revolution. Even after India’s independence, the triad found its mention in the preamble to the Indian constitution.
70. Where was Pablo Picasso from?
Correct Answer:-[A] ( Spain )
Description:- Pablo Picassowas a Spanish painter, sculptor and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France. He is regarded as one of the greatest and most influential artists of the 20th century. As an artist and an innovator, he is responsible for co-founding the entire Cubist movement alongside Georges Braque that changed the face of European painting and sculpture.
71. “The Three Emperors’ League”, 1873 was also known as
Correct Answer:-[A] ( Dreikaiserbund Treaty )
Description:- The League of the Three Emperors, also known as Dreikaiserbund, was an alliance between the German Empire, the Russian Empire and Austria-Hungary, from 1873 to 1887. It was part of the diplomatic web created by Otto Bismarck (1815–1898) to keep France isolated. The first League of the Three Emperors was in effect from 1873 to 1875.
